Kugo – Ojima Confinement Criterion , Zwanziger – Gribov Horizon Condition , and Infrared Critical Exponents in Landau Gauge Qcd

The Kugo–Ojima confinement criterion and its relation to the infrared behaviour of the gluon and ghost propagators in Landau gauge QCD are reviewed. The realization of this confinement criterion (which in Landau gauge relates to Zwanziger's horizon condition) results from quite general properties of the ghost Dyson– Schwinger equation. The numerical solutions for the gluon and ghost propagators obtained from a truncated set of Dyson–Schwinger equations provide an explicit example for the anticipated infrared behaviour. These results are in good agreement , also quantitatively, with corresponding lattice data obtained recently. The resulting running coupling approaches a fixed point in the infrared, α(0) = 8.9/Nc. Solutions for the coupled system of Dyson–Schwinger equations for the quark, gluon and ghost propagators are presented. Dynamical generation of quark masses and thus spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry is found. In the quenched approximation the quark propagator functions agree well with those of corresponding lattice calculations. For a small number of light flavours the quark, gluon and ghost propagators deviate only slightly from the quenched ones. While the posi-tivity violation of the gluon spectral function is apparent in the gluon propagator, there are no clear indications of positivity violations in the Landau gauge quark propagator. 1. Gluon confinement in Landau gauge and the ghost propagator The success of perturbative QCD for hadronic reactions at high energies provides compelling evidence that QCD is the correct theory of strong interactions and that all hadrons are made of quarks and the particles